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Add Franky's mcabber user guide
author Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
date Sat, 11 Oct 2008 10:56:30 +0200
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children 921429804e20
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1 \documentclass[12pt,oneside,a4]{book}
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2 \usepackage{hyperref}
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3 \usepackage{float}
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4 \usepackage{listings}
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5 \usepackage{graphicx}
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6 \usepackage{multirow}
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7 \title{Mcabber User Guide}
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8 \author{franky}
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9 \begin{document}
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10 \maketitle
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11 \tableofcontents
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12 \chapter*{Introduction}
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13 This guide was written for users who are new to mcabber\cite{mcabber} which is a small
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14 command line client for the Jabber protocol\cite{jabber} as an introduction. This introduction may
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15 become a comprehensive guide to every aspect of mcabber later, but the first versions should only be
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16 regarded as an overview of all features. Feel free to bug me with corrections of spelling errors or
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17 with contributions to the content.
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18 \paragraph{Conventions used in this guide:\\}
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19 \begin{tabular}{ c p{10cm} }
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20 \verb+/command+ & This is a command for mcabber which can only be executed during runtime.\\
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21 \verb+command+ & A command for mcabber which can be given in the configuration file, too.\\
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22 \verb+$command+ & The \$-sign precedes shell commands.\\
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23 \textit{variable} & This is a variable which can be set in the configuration file or during runtime. \\
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24 \end{tabular}
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25 \chapter{Basic Usage}
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26 After installing mcabber, you should create a configuration file first. The easiest way of doing this
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27 is to copy the sample configuration file\cite{samplerc} to \~{}/.mcabber/mcabberrc. Then, you only have to change the variables
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28 \textit{username} and \textit{server} before you can, finally, start mcabber. When the Login was successful,
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29 mcabber might look similar to the following screenshot:\\
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30 \begin{figure}[h!]
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31 \centering
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32 \includegraphics[scale=0.8]{guide}
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33 \caption{screenshot of mcabber}
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34 \label{fig:screenshot}
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35 \end{figure}
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36 The screen is divided into 4 regions: The roster(sometimes called buddy list) in the upper left,
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37 the chat window/buffer in the upper right, the input line at the bottom and the log window above the
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38 input line. Those two blue lines which are below and above the log window are status lines. The lower one
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39 displays the general mcabber status and the upper line the status of the selected contact.
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40 The screenshot shows mcabber in "chat mode" which can be entered by pressing enter or sending a message
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41 when a contact is selected. Leaving chatmode is done by pressing Esc. To move between your contacts, you
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42 can use the buttons Pg Up/Pg Down. If you look at the roster of the screenshot, you will notice that the
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43 contact "loic" is marked red. That's the default for the "unread" color, so "loic" sent a message to
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44 you, but you have not read it, yet. Moving by pressing Pg Down would need 6 key presses, so it might be faster to use
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45 \verb+/roster unread_next+ to quickly jump to the next unread buffer. Which brings us to the interface of mcabber.
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46 Since mcabber has only one input line, there has to be some way of distinguishing mcabber commands from normal text
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47 messages. As you might have guessed already, all mcabber commands start with a slash, while any other line which you
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48 have entered will be sent as a message to the selected buddy. You won't find a complete list of all commands here,
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49 since mcabber has already got a great help system. It's at your fingertips when you enter \verb+/help+.
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50 Furthermore, you can choose the language of the help system by setting \textit{lang} to de, en, fr, it, nl, pl, ru or uk.
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51 \section{Multi-user Chat}
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52 Jabber offers more than other one-on-one chats. There is an extension\cite{xep45} which adds many-to-many chat,
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53 very similar to systems like IRC. Mcabber can participate through the command \verb+/room+. If you happen to
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54 find big rooms, you should play a bit with \verb+/color muc+ to make the conversation more readable.
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55 Last but not least, you might be interested in the channel mcabber@conf.lilotux.net as a new mcabber user.
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56 Feel free to drop by and tell us about your experiences with mcabber or this guide!
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57 \section{Transports}
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58 Transports, also known as Gateways, are Jabber server components which are used for translating your Jabber messages
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59 for proprietary networks like ICQ, AIM or MSN. At the time of writing, mcabber can't register transports, but,
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60 if you've registered a transport with another client, you'll be able to use them within mcabber.
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61 Transports are, basically, just another contact on your roster. Thus, using transports is done by sending your status,
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62 maybe explicitly with \verb+/status_to+.
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63 \section{Symbols}
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64 Most users may be puzzled when they see all those different characters in the roster, the status bar and
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65 in the chat window for the first time. Some of those symbols might be obvious, but others aren't descriptive at all.
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66 So, here is a list of all characters and their meanings, structured per window where they were taken from. \\
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67 \begin{tabular}{c c}
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68 \begin{tabular}{|c | l|}
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69 \hline
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70 \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Roster}\\
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71 \hline
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72 Symbols & Rosteritem \\ \hline
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73 \verb+---+ & unfolded Group \\
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74 \verb-+++- & folded Group \\ \hline
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75 \verb+[ ]+ & buddy or chat room(MUC) \\
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76 \verb+{ }+ & buddy who can't see your status \\
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77 \verb- + - & buddy is typing \\
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78 \verb+ . + & buddy stopped typing \\
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79 \verb+ _ + & buddy status: offline \\
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80 \verb+ o + & buddy status: online \\
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81 \verb+ a + & buddy status: away \\
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82 \verb+ d + & buddy status: do not disturb \\
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83 \verb+ n + & buddy status: not available\\
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84 \verb+ f + & buddy status: free for chat \\
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85 \verb+ ? + & buddy status unknown \\
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86 \verb+ x + & muc status: not connected \\
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87 \verb+ C + & muc status: connected \\
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88 \hline
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89 \end{tabular}
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90 &
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91 \begin{tabular}{|c | l|}
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92 \hline
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93 \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Chat Window} \\ \hline
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94 Symbols & Meaning \\ \hline
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95 \verb+-->+ & sent message \\
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96 \verb+<==+ & received message \\
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97 \verb+~+ & message was encrypted with GPG\\
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98 \verb+O+ & message was encrypted with OTR\\
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99 \verb+***+ & info message \\
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100 \verb+#<#+ & error message \\
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101 \hline
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102 %\end{tabular}
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103 %\begin{tabular}{|c | l|}
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104 % \hline
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105 \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Upper Status Line} \\ \hline
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106 Symbols & Meaning \\ \hline
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107 \verb+~+ & chat mode enabled \\
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108 \verb+*+ & buffer is scroll-locked \\
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109 \verb+[C]+ & chatstate: composing \\
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110 \verb+[A]+ & chatstate: active \\
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111 \verb+[I]+ & chatstate: inactive \\
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112 \verb+[P]+ & chatstate: paused \\
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113 \verb+[G]+ & chatstate: gone \\
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114 \hline
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115 \end{tabular}
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116 \end{tabular}
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117 \chapter{Logging}
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118 Some people write their diaries to remember special moments. Others merely save their chat logs,
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119 which are often full of personal details, too. Of course, mcabber can keep your chat history
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120 and fortunately, the format of these logs is easy enough to read with your
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121 favourite text editor. Moreover, searching is possible with standard unix tools like \verb+$grep+.
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122 \section{Enable Logging}
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123 To enable logging, you'll have to add some lines to your configuration file:
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124 \begin{lstlisting}
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125 set logging = 1
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126 set load_logs = 1
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127 \end{lstlisting}
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128 Those variables tell mcabber to log the chat history and to load old logs when you restart it.
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129 Please note that there are a lot of other variables affecting logging. You can e.g. choose whether
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130 you want to log Multi-user Chats(\textit{log\_muc\_conf}) or whether you want to log status changes(\textit{logging\_ignore\_status}).
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131 You'll find them all in the sample configuration file\cite{samplerc} if you search for "History Logging".
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132 \section{Grouping logs}
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133 If you know other instant messengers, you might be used to a concept called "metacontacts".
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134 They can be used to group users, which have multiple representations in your
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135 roster (e.g. because they have work and home accounts). Unfortunately, mcabber doesn't support
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136 metacontacts yet, but at least you can group the history of different contacts together.
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137 This basically works by merging those histories and then creating a symlink frome one to the other.
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138 Here's an example with the histories of foo\_work@jabber.org ond foo\_home@jabber.org:
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139 \begin{lstlisting}
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140 $ cd ~/.mcabber/histo/
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141 $ merge_history.py foo_work@jabber.org foo_home@jabber.org > foo
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142 $ mv foo foo_home@jabber.org
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143 $ rm foo_work@jabber.org
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144 $ ln -sf foo_home@jabber.org foo_work@jabber.org
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145 \end{lstlisting}
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146 The script merge\_history.py is included in the mcabber tarball.
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147 \section{Converting centerim logs}
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148 You've got old centericq\cite{centericq} or centerim\cite{centerim} logs and want to keep
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149 them in mcabber? There's a script called cicq2mcabber.pl in the contrib directory of the mcabber
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150 tarball which can be used to do that. Now you only have to figure out where exactly
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151 centerim saves the history of a particular contact(somewhere under \~{}/.centerim/),
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152 convert this file to the mcabber history format and save it to \~{}/.mcabber/histo/ with the
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153 Jabber ID as the filename.
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154 \chapter{Scripting}
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155 This chapter will introduce you to the scripting facilities of mcabber.
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156 \section{Aliases}
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157 Aliases are used to map complex commands to a word. \verb+/roster search+ is one of the commands worth remapping
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158 because it will be used every day. If you want to remap it to \verb+/rs+,
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159 issue the command \verb+alias rs = roster search+.
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160 \section{Internal Hooks}
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161 Internal Hooks can be used to let mcabber execute commands when a special event occurs.
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162 At the time of this writing, only 2 hooks were defined:
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163 \begin{itemize}
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164 \item \textit{hook-post-connect}
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165 \item \textit{hook-pre-disconnect}
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166 \end{itemize}
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167 The time of the execution is self-explaining, just set those variables to the command you want
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168 to execute.
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169 \section{External scripts}
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170 Mcabber will execute the external script specified in the variable \textit{events\_command} whenever a new
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171 message is received. It will be called at least with 3 parameters:
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172 \begin{enumerate}
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173 \item MSG or STATUS
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174 \item IN, OUT or MUC if the first argument was MSG or one character of "\_OFDNAI" if the first argument was STATUS
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175 \item The JID which triggered the event
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176 \item (optional) filename of the file which contains the message body
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177 \end{enumerate}
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178 If you need the message body for your event script, you'll have to set the option \textit{event\_log\_files} to 1.
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179 The script has to delete that file after it processed it. To execute mcabber commands,
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180 you'll have to compile mcabber with FIFO support(\verb+$./configure --enable-fifo+). Then activate it by setting the
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181 variable \textit{fifo\_name} to the filename of the fifo in your config file. There will be some verbose debug
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182 output in the logging window if you don't set the variable \textit{fifo\_hide\_output} to 1.\\
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183 There is another variable which might be interesting for the developer of external scripts.
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184 If \textit{statefile} is set to a filename, mcabber saves the JIDs of all unread buffers to that file, one per line.
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185 \chapter{Encryption}
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186 Encryption is one of the greatest advantages of Jabber compared to similar
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187 "legacy" networks like ICQ, MSN, AIM, etc. With encryption, you'll be able
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188 to communicate in hostile network environments with a clear conscience,
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189 because almost nobody will be able to spy on you. Practically, every connection
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190 which is established when using the Jabber protocol could be encrypted.
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191 First of all, you can connect to your Jabber server via ssl, which will
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192 prevent anyone between you and the server from sniffing your plaintext
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193 messages or your password. In mcabber you could enable this feature by adding
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194 \begin{lstlisting}
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195 set ssl = 1
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196 set ssl_verify = -1
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197 \end{lstlisting}
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198 to your configuration file.
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199 The next step is server to server encryption, which you can't control,
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200 unless you're the admin of your server. So, theoretically it would be possible
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201 to spy between Jabber servers, or maybe your buddy doesn't use an ssl
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202 connection. Of course, if you are truly paranoid, you won't trust the
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203 server admins but only your buddy. So, to encrypt messages between you and your
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204 buddy, end-to-end encryption can be used. There are two protocols for
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205 accomplishing this: The first one is OpenPGP/GnuPG, which is a semi standard\cite{xep27}
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206 in the Jabber world. The other protocol is Off-the-Record(OTR) Messaging, which was
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207 designed by cryptographers Ian Goldberg and Nikita Borisov\cite{otr}. Although OTR
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208 isn't a standard, a lot of developers have implemented it for their instant
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209 messaging clients. The main reason might be the availability of libotr\cite{libotr},
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210 an open-source library from the authors of OTR which does all the hard work.
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211 GnuPG is considered to be more mature, but it also has a major drawback:
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212 You can't encrypt messages between Jabber and legacy networks. Because
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213 naturally, the clients of other networks won't support Jabber extensions.
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214 OTR can fill that gap, because it only uses the message body as an envelope
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215 for the whole protocol.
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216
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217 I will now describe in detail how to use both protocols with mcabber.
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218 \section{OpenPGP}
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219 First of all, I'm assuming that you've already generated a gnupg key
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220 which you want to use to encrypt Jabber messages. If you haven't done
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221 this before, go to \url{http://gnupg.org/documentation/} first.
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222
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223 Using PGP encryption with mcabber should be straight-forward, but you have to
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224 restart mcabber for configuring it. To enable PGP for mcabber, you must
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225 add two lines to your configuration file:
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226 \begin{lstlisting}
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227 set pgp = 1
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228 set pgp_private_key = 23DEADBEEFDEAD42
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229 \end{lstlisting}
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230 The first one enables OpenPGP and the second line tells mcabber which PGP key it
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231 should use. If you didn't notice: This hexadecimal number is the last
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232 characters of your PGP key fingerprint, get it with
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233 \verb+gpg --fingerprint+\verb+ --list-secret-keys+.
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234 If you have no problems writing your passphrase to your hard disk, you could
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235 also set the variable \textit{pgp\_passphrase} in your config file. Otherwise mcabber will
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236 ask you for your passphrase at every start-up.
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237 From now on, mcabber will magically use PGP encryption whenever it can.
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238 Basically this works because presence messages of users using PGP are signed
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239 with their key. If you happen to have a contact whose Jabber client doesn't
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240 conform to that part of the standard, you can manually give mcabber their key
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241 fingerprint:
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242 \begin{lstlisting}
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243 pgp setkey foo@bar.net D9940C9BB1B92310
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244 \end{lstlisting}
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245 \section{OTR}
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246 Enabling OTR in mcabber works in almost the same manner as PGP. But instead of
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247 generating your encryption key by hand, mcabber will create one for you when
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248 it starts. This might take some time and you can speed it up by generating
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249 randomness by typing, moving the mouse, writing to hard disk etc.
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250 But first of all, you must add the following lines to your configuration file
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251 and restart mcabber:
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252 \begin{lstlisting}
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253 set otr = 1
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254 otrpolicy default manual
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255 \end{lstlisting}
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256 The first line is analogous to PGP. The second one gives the OTR subsystem
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257 the hint that you want to be able to start encrypted OTR channels
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258 manually(by issuing \verb+/otr start+). If you want that they are also "magically" started, you should
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259 change \verb+manual+ to \verb+opportunistic+. The opportunistic mode adds some whitespace
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260 characters to the first message sent to a buddy. So, his client can find those
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261 characters and establish an OTR channel. Please note that "establishing" the
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262 channel could take some time, depending on the delay of exchanging messages
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263 between both ends. (For the technically inclined: Four messages have to be sent
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264 before the channel is fully established. The whole protocol is described in
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265 detail at \url{http://www.cypherpunks.ca/otr/Protocol-v2-3.1.0.html})
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266
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267 Keep in mind that an established channel with a buddy isn't per se secure. It
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268 could be possible that you become a victim of a Man-in-the-middle attack. To
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269 make it secure, you'll have to exchange the fingerprints of the keys through
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270 a trusted medium (telephone, in person, etc). You can see your own fingerprint
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271 by using the command \verb+/otr key+ and the fingerprint of your chat buddy by
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272 \verb+/otr fingerprint+. Check \verb+/help otr+ to find out how to trust the fingerprint now.
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273 There is even another way for exchanging fingerprints: The Socialist Millionaires'
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274 Protocol\cite{smp}. It's basically a cryptographic secure way for two parties with the
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275 secret information x and y to check whether x==y without revealing any
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276 information about the secrets. Unfortunately there aren't many clients
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277 supporting that feature yet. In mcabber it is mapped to the commands
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278 \verb+/otr smpq bob@foo.net your_secret+ for the initiating party and
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279 \verb+/otr smpr alice@foo.net your_secret+ for the answering party. If both parties supply
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280 the same secret, the fingerprints can be marked trusted.
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281 \bibliographystyle{plain}
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282 \bibliography{guide}
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283 \end{document}